Jump to content

Pueblo, Colorado

Coordinates: 38°16′1″N 104°37′13″W / 38.26694°N 104.62028°W / 38.26694; -104.62028
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pueblo, Colorado
Home rule municipality[1]
Historic Arkansas Riverwalk at night
Pueblo Zoo
Pueblo Union Depot
Minnequa Steel Works Office Building
Colorado State University-Pueblo
Pueblo County Courthouse
Flag of Pueblo, Colorado
Flag
Official seal of Pueblo, Colorado
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Home of Heroes, Steel City
Motto: 
"A City Of Excellence"[3]
Location of the City of Pueblo in Pueblo County, Colorado
Location of the City of Pueblo in Pueblo County, Colorado
Pueblo is located in Colorado
Pueblo
Pueblo
Location of Pueblo in the United States
Pueblo is located in the United States
Pueblo
Pueblo
Pueblo (the United States)
Coordinates: 38°16′1″N 104°37′13″W / 38.26694°N 104.62028°W / 38.26694; -104.62028
CountryUnited States
StateColorado
CountyPueblo[2]
CityPueblo[1]
IncorporatedNovember 15, 1885[4]
Government
 • TypeHome rule municipality[1]
 • BodyPueblo City Council
 • MayorHeather Graham[5]
Area
[6]
 • Total
56.083 sq mi (145.254 km2)
 • Land55.382 sq mi (143.439 km2)
 • Water0.701 sq mi (1.815 km2)
Elevation
[7]
4,692 ft (1,430 m)
Population
 (2020)[6]
 • Total
111,876
 • Rank9th in Colorado
273rd in the United States
 • Density2,000/sq mi (770/km2)
 • Metro
168,162 (257th)
 • CSA
217,690 (186th)
 • Front Range
5,055,344
DemonymPuebloan
Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
ZIP Codes
81001-81012
Area code719
FIPS code08-62000
GNIS feature ID0204798
Major Routeslink = Interstate 25 in Colorado link = U.S. Route 50 in Colorado link = U.S. Route 85 in Colorado link = Interstate 25 in Colorado link = Colorado State Highway 45 link = Colorado State Highway 47 link = Colorado State Highway 78 link = Colorado State Highway 96
Websitepueblo.us
The Pueblo County Courthouse has a large brass top easily seen from Interstate 25 to the east.
The Hotel Vail in downtown Pueblo[8]

Pueblo (/ˈpwɛbloʊ/ PWEB-loh)[9] is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pueblo County, Colorado, United States.[1] The city population was 111,876 at the 2020 United States Census, making Pueblo the ninth most populous city in Colorado. Pueblo is the principal city of the Pueblo, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

Pueblo is situated at the confluence of the Arkansas River and Fountain Creek, 112 miles (180 km) south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The area is considered semi-arid desert land, with approximately 12 inches (304.80 mm) of precipitation annually. With its location in the "Banana Belt", Pueblo tends to get less snow than the other major cities in Colorado.

Pueblo is one of the largest steel-producing cities in the United States,[10] for which reason Pueblo is referred to as the "Steel City". The Historic Arkansas River Project (HARP) is a riverwalk in the Union Avenue Historic Commercial District, and shows the history of the devastating Pueblo Flood of 1921.

History

[edit]

El Pueblo

[edit]
Main article: Early history of the Arkansas Valley in Colorado

James Beckwourth, George Simpson, and other trappers such as Mathew Kinkead and John Brown, claimed to have helped construct the plaza that became known as El Pueblo around 1842.[11] According to accounts of residents who traded at the plaza (including that of George Simpson), the Fort Pueblo Massacre happened sometime between December 23 and 25, 1854, by a war party of Utes and Jicarilla Apaches under the leadership of Tierra Blanca, a Ute chief.[12] They allegedly killed between fifteen and nineteen men, as well as captured two children and one woman.[13] The trading post was abandoned after the raid, but it became important again between 1858 and 1859 during the Colorado Gold Rush of 1859.[14]

Early development: railroads, steel, expansion, and orphanages

[edit]
Railroad yards in Pueblo, 1943

The current city of Pueblo represents the consolidation of four towns: Pueblo (incorporated 1870), South Pueblo (incorporated 1873), Central Pueblo (incorporated 1882), and Bessemer (incorporated 1886). Pueblo, South Pueblo, and Central Pueblo legally consolidated as the City of Pueblo between March 9 and April 6, 1886. Bessemer joined Pueblo in 1894.[15][16][17]

The consolidated city became a major economic and social center of Colorado, and was home to important early Colorado families such as the Thatchers, the Ormans, and the Adams. By the early 1870s the city was being hailed as a beacon of development, with newspapers like the Chicago Tribune boasting of how the region's lawless reputation was giving way to orderly agriculture with triumphalist rhetoric. One author crowed of Pueblo that "the necessity exists no longer for Sharp's rifles and revolvers. These have been [supplanted] by the plow and the mowing-machine."[18]

Pueblo's development stretched beyond agriculture. Steel emerged as a key industry very early, and in 1909 the city was considered the only steel town west of the Mississippi River.[19]

Until a series of major floods culminated in the Great Flood of 1921,[20] Pueblo was considered the 'Saddle-Making capital of the World'. Roughly one-third of Pueblo's downtown businesses were lost in this flood, along with a substantial number of buildings. Pueblo struggled with this significant loss, but has had a resurgence in growth.[citation needed]

Historically, many people were influenced by the orphanages of Pueblo, and the homes are now all historical sites. The three orphanages in Pueblo were known as Sacred Heart, Lincoln, and McClelland. Lincoln was the first historically black orphanage in Colorado, and one of only seven in the country. Sacred Heart was run by the Catholic Welfare Bureau, while McClelland was run by the Lutheran Church. Several children from Cuba were placed at Sacred Heart as part of "Operation Pedro Pan". Though the orphanages in Pueblo are no longer in service, the buildings still exist and have transformed with the times. According to the Rocky Mountain News, in 1988 the Sacred Heart Orphanage was bought by the Pueblo Housing Authority and turned into 40 small-family housing units.[21]

From Popular Mechanics magazine (1921)

Steel mill

[edit]
Main article: Colorado Fuel and Iron

The main industry in Pueblo for most of its history was the Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) Steel Mill on the south side of town. For nearly a century the CF&I was the largest employer in the state of Colorado. The steel-market crash of 1982 led to the decline of the company. After several bankruptcies, the company was acquired by Oregon Steel Mills and changed its name to Rocky Mountain Steel Mills. The buyout, as well as the end of the union contract in 1997 led to a union strike over pension liabilities, as well as working conditions, wherein the union argued the new owners still needed to pay the pension liabilities provided by the previous owners. With the conclusion of the strike on December 30, 1997, CF&I had replaced several hundred union workers with local employees.[22]

In September 2004, both United Steelworkers locals 2102 and 3267 won the strike and the unfair labor practice charges. All of the striking steel workers returned to their jobs, and the company paid them the back pay owed for the seven years they were on strike. In 2007, shortly after Oregon Steel made amends with the union and its workers, Evraz Group, one of Russia's biggest steel producers, agreed to buy the company for $2.3 billion.[23]

Of the many production and fabrication mills that once existed on the site, only the steel production (electric furnaces, used for scrap recycling), rail, rod, bar, and seamless tube mills are still in operation. The wire mill was sold in the late 1990s to Davis Wire, which still produces products such as fence and nails under the CF&I brand name. The facility operated blast furnaces until 1982, when the steel market collapsed. The main blast furnace structures were torn down in 1989, but due to asbestos content, many of the adjacent stoves still remain. The stoves and foundations for some of the furnaces can be seen from Interstate 25, which runs parallel to the plant's west boundary.[citation needed]

Several of the administration buildings, including the main office building, dispensary, and tunnel gatehouse were purchased in 2003 by the Bessemer Historical Society. In 2006, they underwent renovation. In addition to housing the historic CF&I Archives, they also house the Steelworks Museum of Industry and Culture.[24]

"Melting Pot of the West"

[edit]

Due to the growth of the CF&I steel mill and the employment that it offered, Pueblo in the early twentieth century attracted a large number of immigrant laborers. The groups represented led to Pueblo becoming the most ethnically and culturally diverse city in Colorado and the West. At one point, more than 40 languages were spoken in the steel mill and more than two-dozen foreign language newspapers were published in the city.[25] Irish, Italian,[26] German, Slovenian, Greek, Jewish, Lithuanian, Russian, Hungarian, Japanese, and African-American groups arrived in the area at the turn of the century and remain to the present time. The convergence of cultures led to a cosmopolitan character to the city that resulted in a number of ethnically rooted neighborhoods that are typically not seen west of the Mississippi. Respective cultural groups maintain cultural festivals to the present, with the city being home to locations of the Order Sons of Italy, American Slovenian Catholic Union, and I.O.O.F., among others.

Colorado Mental Health Institute at Pueblo

[edit]

Another major employer in Pueblo is Colorado State Hospital. The hospital is the preeminent mental health facility in the Rocky Mountain region. Established in 1879 as the Colorado State Insane Asylum, it was renamed as the Colorado State Hospital in 1917. In 1991, the name was changed to the Colorado Mental Health Institute at Pueblo (CMHIP). The Robert L. Hawkins High Security Forensic Institute opened in June 2009 and is a 200-bed, high-security facility.[27]

Home of Heroes

[edit]

Pueblo is the hometown of four Medal of Honor recipients (tied only with Holland, Michigan, also with four,[28] each having more than any other municipality in the United States): William J. Crawford, Carl L. Sitter, Raymond G. Murphy, and Drew D. Dix. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, upon presenting Raymond G. "Jerry" Murphy with his medal in 1953, commented, "What is it... something in the water out there in Pueblo? All you guys turn out to be heroes!"

In 1993, Pueblo City Council adopted the tagline "Home of Heroes" for the city due to the fact that Pueblo can claim more recipients of the Medal per capita than any other city in the United States. On July 1, 1993, the Congressional Record recognized Pueblo as the "Home of Heroes."[29] A memorial to the recipients of the medal is at the Pueblo Convention Center.

From 1846 to 1847 three detachments of the Mormon Battalion wintered in Pueblo during the Mexican–American War.[30]

Geography

[edit]

Pueblo is 100 miles (160 km) south of Denver and is on the front range of the Rocky Mountains.[31] Pueblo sits on the western edge of the Great Plains in a high desert area of terrain in southern Colorado and is near the western edge of the Southwestern Tablelands ecology region.

According to the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total area of 35,893 acres (145.254 km2), including 448 acres (1.815 km2) of water.[6]

Climate

[edit]
Climate chart for Pueblo

Pueblo has a Semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with four distinct seasons. Winter days are usually mild, but the high does not surpass freezing on an average 14.4 days per year, and lows fall to 0 °F (−18 °C) or below on 6.2 nights.[32] Snowfall usually falls in light amounts, and rarely remains on the ground for long (typically, for one or two days). January is the snowiest month, and the seasonal average is 28.3 inches (72 cm);[32] however, snow is uncommon in October, and in May or September, snow is exceedingly rare, with an average first and last date of measurable (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) snowfall being November 4 and April 9, respectively.[33] Summers are hot and dry, with 90 °F (32 °C) or greater highs are on average seen 71.6 days per year, with 100 °F (38 °C) or greater on 12.0 days.[32] Diurnal temperature ranges are large throughout the year, averaging 32.5 °F (18.1 °C).

Precipitation is generally low, with the winter months receiving very little. Sunshine is abundant throughout the year, with an annual total of nearly 3,470 hours, or 78% of the possible total.[34] Pueblo is considered a high desert climate, and sits on the desert lands in southern Colorado between Pueblo and the Royal Gorge.

The hottest temperature recorded in Pueblo was 109 °F (42.8 °C) on July 13, 2003, while the coldest temperature recorded was −31 °F (−35.0 °C) on February 1, 1951.[33]

Climate data for Pueblo, Colorado (Pueblo Memorial Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1888–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 81
(27) 		82
(28) 		86
(30) 		94
(34) 		102
(39) 		108
(42) 		109
(43) 		105
(41) 		103
(39) 		94
(34) 		85
(29) 		82
(28) 		109
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 70.3
(21.3) 		71.8
(22.1) 		79.9
(26.6) 		86.2
(30.1) 		93.4
(34.1) 		101.2
(38.4) 		103.3
(39.6) 		100.2
(37.9) 		96.3
(35.7) 		88.5
(31.4) 		77.2
(25.1) 		69.3
(20.7) 		103.9
(39.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 48.4
(9.1) 		51.1
(10.6) 		60.6
(15.9) 		67.3
(19.6) 		77.2
(25.1) 		88.6
(31.4) 		93.4
(34.1) 		90.2
(32.3) 		83.1
(28.4) 		69.7
(20.9) 		56.7
(13.7) 		47.5
(8.6) 		69.5
(20.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 31.9
(−0.1) 		35.1
(1.7) 		43.9
(6.6) 		51.3
(10.7) 		61.4
(16.3) 		71.8
(22.1) 		77.2
(25.1) 		74.8
(23.8) 		66.6
(19.2) 		52.8
(11.6) 		40.5
(4.7) 		31.7
(−0.2) 		53.2
(11.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.4
(−9.2) 		19.0
(−7.2) 		27.1
(−2.7) 		35.3
(1.8) 		45.6
(7.6) 		55.0
(12.8) 		61.0
(16.1) 		59.4
(15.2) 		50.1
(10.1) 		35.9
(2.2) 		24.2
(−4.3) 		15.9
(−8.9) 		37.0
(2.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −4.8
(−20.4) 		−1.2
(−18.4) 		9.6
(−12.4) 		20.9
(−6.2) 		31.0
(−0.6) 		43.4
(6.3) 		52.1
(11.2) 		50.2
(10.1) 		35.9
(2.2) 		18.5
(−7.5) 		5.1
(−14.9) 		−5.2
(−20.7) 		−10.4
(−23.6)
Record low °F (°C) −29
(−34) 		−31
(−35) 		−20
(−29) 		2
(−17) 		23
(−5) 		32
(0) 		39
(4) 		37
(3) 		21
(−6) 		−8
(−22) 		−17
(−27) 		−28
(−33) 		−31
(−35)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.29
(7.4) 		0.32
(8.1) 		0.82
(21) 		1.57
(40) 		1.57
(40) 		1.28
(33) 		1.89
(48) 		2.11
(54) 		0.65
(17) 		0.76
(19) 		0.47
(12) 		0.29
(7.4) 		12.02
(305)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 4.9
(12) 		4.7
(12) 		4.5
(11) 		3.4
(8.6) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		1.9
(4.8) 		4.1
(10) 		4.6
(12) 		28.3
(72)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 2.4
(6.1) 		2.2
(5.6) 		2.1
(5.3) 		1.1
(2.8) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(2.0) 		2.2
(5.6) 		2.4
(6.1) 		5.2
(13)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 3.8 4.0 5.7 7.0 7.9 6.6 9.2 8.8 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.3 69.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.8 3.8 3.0 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 2.8 3.6 20.3
Average relative humidity (%) 57.1 52.1 48.7 43.5 44.6 44.9 49.3 51.5 50.2 47.0 57.1 56.6 50.2
Average dew point °F (°C) 13.6
(−10.2) 		16.3
(−8.7) 		19.8
(−6.8) 		25.9
(−3.4) 		35.8
(2.1) 		44.1
(6.7) 		52.5
(11.4) 		51.8
(11.0) 		42.6
(5.9) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		23.2
(−4.9) 		15.1
(−9.4) 		30.9
(−0.6)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 231.0 227.3 284.0 315.1 344.2 360.0 358.8 336.8 298.7 275.5 219.7 210.7 3,461.8
Percent possible sunshine 76 75 77 80 78 81 80 80 80 79 72 71 78
Source 1: NOAA[32][35]
Source 2: National Weather Service[33]

See or edit raw graph data.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1870666—
18803,217383.0%
189024,558663.4%
190028,15714.7%
191041,74748.3%
192043,0503.1%
193050,09616.4%
194052,1624.1%
195063,68522.1%
196091,18143.2%
197097,7747.2%
1980101,6864.0%
199098,640−3.0%
2000102,1213.5%
2010106,5954.4%
2020111,8765.0%
U.S. Decennial Census

2020 census

[edit]
Pueblo, Colorado – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[36] Pop 2010[37] Pop 2020[38] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 52,202 48,195 48,001 51.12% 45.21% 42.91%
Black or African American alone (NH) 2,199 2,221 2,492 2.15% 2.08% 2.23%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 622 682 923 0.61% 0.64% 0.83%
Asian alone (NH) 623 792 1,065 0.61% 0.74% 0.95%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 39 79 107 0.04% 0.07% 0.10%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 170 195 647 0.17% 0.18% 0.58%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 1,200 1,333 3,508 1.18% 1.25% 3.14%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 45,066 53,098 55,133 44.13% 49.81% 49.28%
Total 102,121 106,595 111,876 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, the population of Pueblo was 106,544 (259th most populous U.S. city), the population of the Pueblo Metropolitan Statistical Area was 159,063 (190th most populous MSA), the population of the Pueblo–Cañon City, CO Combined Statistical Area was 205,887, the population of the South Central Colorado Urban Area was 851,500, and the population of the Front Range Urban Corridor in Colorado was an estimated 4,166,855.

In 2010, the racial makeup of the city was: 75.2% White, 2.5% Black or African American, 2.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.1% two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents (of any race) were 49.8% and Non-Hispanic Whites were 45.2% of the population.[39]

2000

[edit]

As of the census[40] of 2000, there were 102,121 people, 40,307 households, and 26,118 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,265.5 inhabitants per square mile (874.7/km2). There were 43,121 housing units at an average density of 956.6 units per square mile (369.3 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 56.21% White, 2.41% African American, 1.73% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 15.20% from other races, and 3.71% from two or more races. Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry made up 44.13% of the population. 10.1% were of German, 8.1% Italian, 6.0% American, 5.5% English and 5.4% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000.

According to the 2005 Census estimates, the city had grown to an estimated population of 104,951[41] and had become the ninth most populous city in the state of Colorado and the 245th most populous city in the United States.

There were 40,307 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, 25.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.3% was from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,650, and the median income for a family was $35,620. Males had a median income of $29,702 versus $22,197 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,026. About 13.9% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

[edit]

Pueblo is the home of the Federal Citizen Information Center, operated by the General Services Administration, and its Consumer Information Catalog. For over 30 years, public service announcements invited Americans to write for information at "Pueblo, Colorado, 81009". In recent times GSA has incorporated Pueblo into[clarification needed] FCIC's toll-free telephone number.[citation needed]

Vestas Wind Systems constructed the largest (nearly 700,000 square feet) wind turbine tower manufacturing plant in the world at Pueblo's industrial park.[42] It sold the facility to CS Wind in 2021.[43]

Renewable Energy Systems Americas broke ground on the Comanche Solar Project seven miles south of Pueblo in 2015.[44] When complete, it will be the largest solar energy farm east of the Rocky Mountains, and its backers say the project will produce electricity more cheaply than natural gas.[44] The project will cover 1,000 acres with 500,000 solar panels, providing a capacity of 156 megawatts of power—enough to supply 31,000 homes.[44] The project will be run by SunEdison, with a power purchase agreement signed by Xcel Energy.[44] A number of scientific studies now list Pueblo as the state's primary locale for solar energy development and the premier setting for solar companies to locate, placing it ahead of regional rivals such as Boulder, Colorado and Taos, New Mexico.[45]

In February 2017, Pueblo City Council voted to commit the city to 100% renewable energy ("Ready for 100%") by 2035, with the city's electric franchisee, Black Hills Energy, expected to ramp up its renewable energy portfolio from 29% to 65%.[46] Pueblo County commissioners joined the renewable commitment in April 2018.[47] For several years, Pueblo's Energy Future has been pushing the city to become a municipal electric provider. Among the claimed advantages for the move toward independence: lower cost to the consumer, increased reliability and the opportunity to move more aggressively toward renewable energy development. At one time, an August 2020 "divorce" seemed possible.[48]

Top employers

According to Pueblo's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[49] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Parkview Medical Center 4,293
2 Colorado Mental Health Hospital in Pueblo 2,000
3 Pueblo School District 60 1,677
4 Colorado State University Pueblo 1,500
5 Walmart* 1,493
6 Pueblo County 1,242
7 Pueblo County School District 70 1,195
8 Evraz Rocky Mountain Steel 931
9 City of Pueblo 776
10 Trane Commercial Systems 760
*Includes all stores and management in Pueblo County

Arts and culture

[edit]

Pueblo is the home to Colorado's largest single event, the Colorado State Fair, held annually in the late summer, and the largest parade, the state fair parade, as well as an annual Chile & Frijoles Festival.[50]

Venues, museums, and sites

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Pueblo is the hometown of Dutch Clark, the first man from Colorado inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame[51] as well as the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame.[52] The primary football stadium belonging to Pueblo School District 60 is named for him. Two long-standing high school rivalries are played annually at this stadium. The Bell Game has been played annually since 1892 between the Central Wildcats and the Centennial Bulldogs in what is touted as the oldest football rivalry west of the Mississippi River.[53]

In 2008, Professional Bull Riders (PBR) moved its corporate headquarters to Pueblo. This became the site of their world headquarters based at the Historic Arkansas Riverwalk[54] located bordering the Union Avenue Historic Commercial District.

In 2014, the Colorado State University Pueblo ThunderWolves won the NCAA Division II Football Championship, a first national title for the football program.[55]

In 2019, the Pueblo Bulls junior ice hockey team in the United States Premier Hockey League, began play out of the Pueblo Ice Arena.

Government

[edit]
City Government:[56][57]
Mayor Heather Graham
Deputy mayor Chris Noeller,
Police Chief
District 1 Regina Maestri
District 2 Joe Latino
District 3 Sarah Martinez
District 4 Roger Gomez
At-large Charles Hernandez
At-large Dennis Flores
At-large Mark Aliff

Pueblo is a state-chartered municipal corporation, previously governed by its city council without the office of mayor and administered by a city manager. In 2017 voters passed Question 2A changing the city charter to a strong-mayor form of city government known as "Mayor-Council Government". Only two other cities in the state of Colorado use the strong-mayor form of government, Denver and Colorado Springs. In 2018 an election was held for mayor for the first time in over sixty years, due to none of the sixteen candidates getting more than fifty percent of the vote, a runoff was required to decide the winner. In January 2019 attorney Nicholas Gradisar faced former Pueblo City Council President Steve Nawrocki, Gradisar prevailed and was sworn in as mayor on the first of February for a term of five years, with all subsequent mayoral terms being four years and a maximum of two consecutive terms.[58][59][60]

Former mayor Nick Gradisar in 2021

Gradisar ran for re-election in 2023 and faced a runoff against Heather Graham in January 2024. In the runoff, Graham defeated Gradisar and was sworn in as mayor on February 1, 2024.[5][61]

The deputy mayor is selected by the mayor and must be confirmed by a vote of the city council, the deputy mayor serves a term of one year. According to the city charter, the deputy mayor must be a city department head.[62]

The city council is elected by the residents of the city. There are seven council seats, four of which are elected by district, and three elected at-large.[63]

Pueblo is included in Colorado's 3rd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives, and is currently represented by Republican Lauren Boebert. Pueblo is also included in the 3rd District of the Colorado State Senate, currently represented by Democrat Nick Hinrichsen, and districts 46 and 62 of the Colorado State House, currently represented by Democrats Tisha Mauro and Matthew Martinez.[64]

Municipal law enforcement

[edit]

The Pueblo Police Department is led by Chief Chris Noeller[65] Per capita, the crime rate in Pueblo is higher than the national average for a city of the same size and does not take into account the surrounding unincorporated cumulative population of 176,529.[66] In 2016, the FBI's Uniform Crime Report listed Pueblo's major reported crimes stats as: 1,081 violent crime, murders 9, rape 171, robbery 224, aggravated assault 677, property crimes (all) 7,473, burglary 1,797, larceny 4,505, motor vehicle theft (all) 1,171, arson 49.[67]

Education

[edit]

Higher education

[edit]
Main article: Colorado State University Pueblo

Pueblo is home to Colorado State University Pueblo (CSU Pueblo), a regional comprehensive university. It is part of the Colorado State University System (CSU System), with about 4,500 students.[68] On May 8, 2007, CSU Pueblo received approval from the Board of Governors of the Colorado State University System to bring back football as a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference. The first game was played in the fall of 2008 at the ThunderBowl, a stadium at CSU Pueblo for over 12,000 spectators. In 2014, the football team won the NCAA Division II Football Championship.[69][70]

Main article: Pueblo Community College

Pueblo Community College (PCC) is a two-year, public, comprehensive community college, one of thirteen community colleges within the Colorado Community College System (CCCS). It operates three campuses serving a widely dispersed eight-county region in Southern Colorado.[71] The main campus is located in Pueblo and serves Pueblo County.[71] The Fremont Campus is located approximately 35 miles (56 km) west of Pueblo in Cañon City and serves Fremont and Custer Counties.[71] The Southwest Campus, 280 miles (450 km) southwest of Pueblo, serves Montezuma, Dolores, La Plata, San Juan, and Archuleta counties.[71] PCC is a Hispanic Serving Institution as designated by the Federal Government. Approximately 5,000 students attend PCC per semester.[72]

Primary and secondary education

[edit]

Almost all of the city limits is within Pueblo School District 60. Very small portions lie within Pueblo County School District 70.[73]

Centennial High School was founded north of downtown on Eleventh Street in 1876, the year Colorado entered the Union. Centennial was rebuilt on a new site to the northwest in 1973. Central High School was founded in Bessemer in 1882. Central's present campus on East Orman Avenue was built in 1906 and expanded in the early 1970s. Its original building still stands four blocks away on East Pitkin Avenue. South High School and East High School were built in the late 1950s to accommodate the Baby Boomer generation. Pueblo County High School, east of the city in Vineland, serves rural residents. Rye High School is in a foothills town southwest of Pueblo. Pueblo West High School is located in the northwestern suburb of Pueblo West.

Pueblo Catholic High School closed in 1971.[74] Its building became Roncalli Middle School in the early 1970s.[citation needed] By 1975 all Catholic schools in Pueblo (under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pueblo) had closed.[74] As of 2017 there are two Catholic grade schools in Pueblo: St. John Neumann Catholic School and St. Therese Catholic School.[75]

Dolores Huerta Preparatory High School was founded in 2004, and relocated to its current building in 2007. It features the only Early College Program in Pueblo recognized by the State of Colorado, where many students graduate with their associate degree from Pueblo Community College while also earning credit from Colorado State University Pueblo. Other Pueblo area high schools include Southern Colorado Early College, School of Engineering and Biomedical Science (formerly Pueblo Technical Academy), Parkhill Christian Academy and the Health Academy.

Media

[edit]
Main article: Media in Pueblo, Colorado

Print

[edit]

Radio

[edit]

The Pueblo radio market includes all of Pueblo County.[77] In its Fall 2013 ranking of radio markets by population, Arbitron ranked the Pueblo market 238th in the United States.[78] Six AM and 15 FM radio stations broadcast from or are licensed to the city.[79][80][81]

Due to Pueblo's proximity to Colorado Springs, local listeners can also receive the signal of most radio stations broadcasting from the Colorado Springs radio market.[79]

Television

[edit]

The Colorado Springs–Pueblo market is the 90th largest television market in the United States.[82]

Transportation

[edit]
Union Depot, built in 1889–1890

Local and regional buses

[edit]

The City of Pueblo operates Pueblo Transit. Greyhound Lines provides bus service towards Denver, Colorado; Amarillo, Texas; Albuquerque, New Mexico. Regional bus service to La Junta, Lamar, Colorado Springs, Alamosa, and Trinidad is provided by the CDOT operated Bustang.

Rail

[edit]

Freight rail service is provided by BNSF and Union Pacific.

Pueblo and its Union Depot last saw passenger train service in 1971. Once an important hub, the city was served by four Class 1 railroads, as well as a number of smaller operators.[83]

Amtrak's daily Southwest Chief makes a stop 64 miles (103 km) east of Pueblo at La Junta, providing direct rail transport to Los Angeles, Albuquerque, Kansas City, Chicago, and dozens of smaller locales. In 2016, Amtrak looked at rerouting the Southwest Chief to serve Pueblo directly. It estimated the new stop would increase annual ridership by 14,000 and ticket revenue by $1.45 million.[84]

Pueblo has been proposed as the southern terminus for Front Range Passenger Rail, which would provide service to Colorado Springs, Denver, Boulder, Fort Collins, and Cheyenne.[85]

Aviation

[edit]

Major highways

[edit]

Interstate 25 and US Route 85 run in tandem on the same north–south expressway through Pueblo. US Route 50 runs east–west through Pueblo.

Notable people

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Military

[edit]

Business

[edit]

Arts

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Infamous figures

[edit]
  • Joseph Arridy, mentally disabled man wrongfully convicted of murder and rape; put to death in the 1930s; pardoned in 2010 as the first and only posthumous gubernatorial pardon in the state of Colorado.[94]
  • Frank DeSimone, boss of the Los Angeles crime family, born in Pueblo
  • Edmund Kemper, serial killer who called police from a phone booth in Pueblo and turned himself in on April 25, 1973, after fleeing from California

Activists and organizers

[edit]

Other

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Pueblo's sister cities are:[96]

[edit]
  • Pueblo as a frontier town is the setting for Louis L'Amour's 1981 Western novel Milo Talon.[97]
  • Many of the scenes in Terrence Malick's 1973 opus Badlands were filmed in and around Pueblo.[98] The film was subsequently selected for preservation by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
  • Pueblo and its Central High School is mentioned in Thomas Pynchon's 2006 historical novel Against the Day.[99]
  • Food Wars, a series on cable television's Travel Channel, came to Pueblo to stage a contest between the Sunset Inn's and Gray's Coors Tavern's versions of the slopper. The episode first aired in August 2010.[100]
  • Pueblo is portrayed as the city where MacGruber is laid to rest in 2000 in the 2010 film that bears his name.[101]
  • The 1959 novel The Caretakers by author Dariel Telfer, along with its 1963 film adaptation, is based upon the author's experiences as an employee at the Colorado State Hospital in Pueblo.[102]
  • In the South Park episode "The Losing Edge", Pueblo is one of the towns with which the South Park team competes.[103]
  • Many of the Colorado and Kansas scenes of the 1983 film National Lampoon's Vacation were filmed in and around Pueblo. Highway 50 East of Pueblo is the site of Cousin Eddie's house and the hotel in "Creede" Colorado is actually near St. Mary Corwin Hospital.[104]
  • The 1980s film Curse of the Blue Lights was set in Pueblo and was filmed on location.[105]
  • Little Britches Rodeo, a series on RFD-TV was filmed in Pueblo for the first 4 seasons.[106]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  3. ^ "Official Website of Pueblo Colorado". Official Website of Pueblo Colorado. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  4. ^ "Colorado Municipal Incorporations". State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. December 1, 2004. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2007.
  5. ^ a b Evans, Ty (February 1, 2024). "Heather Graham sworn in as the new Mayor of Pueblo". KRDO. Colorado Springs, Colorado. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  7. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  8. ^ "Vail Hotel, Pueblo, Colorado". waymarking.com. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
  9. ^ Pueblo County Sheriff's Union files unfair labor practice claim against sheriff. KOAA5. May 1, 2024. Event occurs at 00:00. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via YouTube.
  10. ^ "Pueblo, Colorado: Official Community Website". Pueblo.org. April 1, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
  11. ^ Broadhead (1995). Fort Pueblo. 1.
  12. ^ Broadhead (1942). Fort Pueblo. 23.
  13. ^ Lecompte, Janet (1978). Pueblo, Hardscrabble, Greenhorn: The Upper Arkansas, 1832-1856. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 35–53, 54–62, 63–85, 246–253. ISBN 0-8061-1462-2. Sometime during the winter of 1841-42 George Simpson and Robert Fisher met with other men and planned the Pueblo.
  14. ^ Dodds (1982). Pueblo. 16, 23.
  15. ^ Aschermann (1994). Winds in the Cornfields. p. 51.
  16. ^ Dodds (1994). They All Came To Pueblo. p. 168.
  17. ^ Dodds (1982). Pueblo. 54, 63.
  18. ^ "Pueblo: a Glimpse of Life in Southern Colorado". Chicago Tribune. April 16, 1873.
  19. ^ "Pueblo has Been Developed into Great Steel City by Vast Industry of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Co". Christian Science Monitor. September 17, 1909.
  20. ^ "The Colorado statesman. [volume], June 11, 1921, Image 2 estimated that 500 out of 575 flood fatalities came from Pueblo Chronicling America accessed OCtober 6.2020". June 11, 1921.
  21. ^ "Sacred Heart Orphanage bought by the Pueblo Housing Authority". Rocky Mountain News. May 29, 1988.
  22. ^ Berry, Brian (March 2000). "The Heroes of Pueblo". EBSCOHOST. Volume 16, Issue 3. New Steel. Retrieved January 26, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  23. ^ "Russian steel giant to buy Oregon Steel - Pueblo Chieftain: Metro". Chieftain.com. November 21, 2006. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  24. ^ "The Museum". Steelworks Center of the West. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  25. ^ "Slow to rebound, Pueblo is redefining its economic image". The Denver Post. December 5, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  26. ^ "LA museum spotlights Pueblo's St. Joseph Tables". The Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  27. ^ "About Us". State of Colorado. 2015. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  28. ^ "HOLLAND'S CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENTS" (PDF). Holland Museum. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  29. ^ "Pueblo, Colorado - The Home of Heroes". The Greater Pueblo Chamber of Commerce and The Pueblo Chieftain Newspaper. 1999. Archived from the original on June 26, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  30. ^ "Mormon Battalion Detachments | Church History Biographical Database". history.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  31. ^ "Irate Farmers Pressing Demands". The Herald Journal. Associated Press. September 23, 1977. p. A2. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  32. ^ a b c d "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Pueblo MEM AP, CO". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  33. ^ a b c "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Pueblo". National Weather Service. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  34. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for Pueblo/Memorial AP, CO 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  35. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for PUEBLO/MEMORIAL AP, CO 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  36. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Pueblo city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  37. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Pueblo city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  38. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Pueblo city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  39. ^ "State & County QuickFacts - Pueblo (city), Colorado". census.gov. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  40. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  41. ^ "Annual Estimates". June 21, 2006. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009.
  42. ^ "Vestas cuts guidance on margins; Windsor site could be OK". Loveland Reporter-Herald. November 8, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
  43. ^ "Expansion at world's largest wind turbine tower manufacturing plant, plans to create 850 new jobs in Pueblo, Colorado" (Press release). Burns & McDonnell. April 4, 2023. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
  44. ^ a b c d Svaldi, Aldo (August 20, 2015). "Broomfield firm to build Colorado's largest solar farm near Pueblo". The Denver Post. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  45. ^ Norton, John (June 11, 2009). "Another solar provider eyes empty depot land". Chieftain.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
  46. ^ Worthington, Danika (February 17, 2017). "Pueblo commits to 100 percent renewable energy". Denverpost.com. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  47. ^ Mestas, Anthony A (April 23, 2018). "Pueblo County commissioners join 100 percent renewable energy by 2035 vision". Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  48. ^ Grimes, Tyler (July 18, 2018). "Pueblo's Energy Future coalition holds municipal energy town halls". Colorado Springs Independent. Archived from the original on January 4, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  49. ^ "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report". pueblo.us. City of Pueblo, Colorado.
  50. ^ "Pueblo Chile & Frijoles Festival". Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  51. ^ "Earl (Dutch) Clark". NFL Hall of Fame. National Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  52. ^ "Earl "Dutch" Clark". Colorado Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  53. ^ Lewis, Shanna. "Pueblo's Bell Game: The Zenith Of A High School Football Rivalry That's Lasted 125 Years". Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  54. ^ "Professional Bull Riders, Inc. Moves into new World Headquarters in Pueblo". PBR. PBR press release. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  55. ^ Rolstad, Skylar (December 21, 2014). "A part of 'something special'". NCAA.org. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  56. ^ "Council Members". Pueblo.US. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  57. ^ Winfrey, Anna Lynn (February 25, 2024). "How Pueblo City Council selected Charles Hernandez to fill Mayor Graham's at-large seat". The Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  58. ^ Roper, Peter (November 7, 2017). "Pueblo voters backing strong mayor plan". The Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  59. ^ Rogers, Zahria (October 16, 2017). "Pueblo to vote on strong mayor form of government". CSIndy.com. Colorado Springs Independent. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  60. ^ Beedie, Dan (November 15, 2018). "Pueblo mayoral runoff: It's Gradisar versus Nawrocki". KRDO.com. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  61. ^ "Election Results | Pueblo, CO - Official Website". www.pueblo.us. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  62. ^ Severance, Ryan (March 11, 2019). "Davenport officiall deputy Pueblo mayor". Chieftain.com. The Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  63. ^ "City of Pueblo official website".
  64. ^ Colorado Independent Redistricting Commissions Staff (October 13, 2021). "Colorado House districts Pueblo area: final approved plan" (PDF). Colorado Independent Redistricting Commissions. State of Colorado. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  65. ^ McMillan, Andrew (August 9, 2021). "UPDATE: Pueblo City Council confirms Steve 'Chris' Noeller as Chief of Police". KRDO.com. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  66. ^ "Population estimates, July 1, 2018". cenus.gov. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  67. ^ "Colorado Offenses Known to Law Enforcement". ucr.fbi.gov. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  68. ^ "Fast Facts". CSU Pueblo. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  69. ^ "CSU-Pueblo claims Division II title". espn.com. Associated Press. December 20, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  70. ^ "Colorado State University--Pueblo Overview". USNews.com. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  71. ^ a b c d "Our Campuses". PuebloCC.edu. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  72. ^ "Pueblo Community College Overview". USNews.com. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  73. ^ "School District Reference Map (2010 Census): Pueblo County, CO." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on July 2, 2017.
  74. ^ a b Beck, Kathy Bribari. "Reunion planned for Pueblo Catholic High Class of ‘65 Archived 2017-07-02 at the Wayback Machine." Roman Catholic Diocese of Pueblo. July 2015. Retrieved on July 2, 2017. "celebrates its 50th reunion this fall, Sept. 11 to 13, some 40 years since all Pueblo's Catholic schools closed." - The article was published in 2015 so all Catholic schools would have closed by 1975.
  75. ^ "Directory of Schools". Roman Catholic Diocese of Pueblo. July 2, 2017.
  76. ^ "Home". Evergrowth Media LLC. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  77. ^ "2012 Arbitron Radio Metro Map" (PDF). Arbitron. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  78. ^ "Metro Survey Area Rankings and Population" (PDF). Market Survey Schedule & Population Rankings. Arbitron. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  79. ^ a b "Radio Stations in Pueblo, Colorado". Radio-Locator. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  80. ^ "AMQ AM Radio Database Query". Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on August 25, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  81. ^ "FMQ FM Radio Database Query". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  82. ^ "Local Television Market Universe Estimates" (PDF). Nielsen Media Research. 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  83. ^ Ormes, R.M. Tracking Ghost Railroads in Colorado, Century One Press 1975
  84. ^ Jesse Paul, 'Denver Post,' July 7, 2016 "Proposed Southwest Chief stop in Pueblo could mean $1.4 million in tickets, Amtrak says" https://www.denverpost.com/2016/07/07/amtrak-pueblo-stop-southwest-chief-train/
  85. ^ Heins, Nicole (April 13, 2021). "Amtrak hopes to reduce I-25 traffic by creating a passenger rail along the Front Range". KKTV 11 News. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  86. ^ "Museum History". Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  87. ^ a b "Pueblo Regional Development Plan: Final Adoption Draft" (PDF). September 11, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  88. ^ Goodstein, Laurie (June 23, 2005). "Air Force Academy Staff Found Promoting Religion". The New York Times. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  89. ^ "Montana Governor John Ezra Rickards". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  90. ^ a b c d Roper, Peter (August 30, 2010). "State Fair salutes soldiers and airmen". The Pueblo Chieftain. Pueblo, Colorado. Archived from the original on September 1, 2010.
  91. ^ "About Kent Haruf". honorkentharuf.org. March 12, 2015. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
  92. ^ Yardley, William (December 2, 2014). "Kent Haruf, Acclaimed Novelist of Small-Town Life, Is Dead at 71". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  93. ^ Pompia, John. "Puebloan Dustin Hodge's rodeo-based TV series in its seventh year". The Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  94. ^ Strescino, Peter (January 7, 2011). "Governor pardons Joe Arridy". Pueblo Chieftain. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
  95. ^ "Carmen Arteaga Collection, 1970-1974 Colorado State University-Pueblo Library". Colorado State University-Pueblo Library.
  96. ^ "Sister Cities - Pueblo Sister Cities". www.pueblosistercities.org. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
  97. ^ L'Amour, Louis (August 3, 2004). Milo Talon. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780553899481.
  98. ^ "Movie Filming Locations in Colorado | Colorado.com". www.colorado.com. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  99. ^ "C - Thomas Pynchon Wiki | Against the Day". against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  100. ^ Chapman, Jessica (April 20, 2010). "Travel Channel's Food Wars takes on Pueblo sloppers". Westword. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  101. ^ O'Neal, Sean. "Will Forte". Film. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  102. ^ Kolker, Robert (April 7, 2020). Hidden Valley Road: Inside the Mind of an American Family. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. ISBN 9780385543774.
  103. ^ The Losing Edge - Official South Park Studios Wiki, retrieved February 21, 2018
  104. ^ "National Lampoon's Vacation Movie Filming Locations - The 80s Movies Rewind". www.fast-rewind.com. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  105. ^ "Curse of the Blue Lights – USA, 1988". HORRORPEDIA. December 16, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  106. ^ "Edmond, Oklahoma - Lazy E Arena Keeps Busy Hosting Premier Youth Rodeo". www.sportsdestinations.com. Retrieved February 21, 2018.

Further reading

[edit]
Bibliography
  • Aschermann, Arla (1994). Winds in the Cornfields: Pueblo County, Colorado 1787 – 1872 (Third ed.). Pueblo, Colorado: Pueblo County Historical Society. ISBN 0-915617-15-3.
  • Broadhead, Edward (1995). Fort Pueblo (Fourth ed.). Pueblo, Colorado: Pueblo County Historical Society. ISBN 0-915617-01-3.
  • Buckles, William G. (2006). The Search for El Pueblo: Through Pueblo to El Pueblo – An Archaeological Summary (Second ed.). Pueblo, Colorado: Colorado Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-942576-48-1.
  • Dodds, Joanne West (1982). Pueblo: A Pictorial History. Virginia Beach, Virginia: Donning. ISBN 0-89865-281-2.
  • Dodds, Joanne West (1994). They All Came To Pueblo: A Social History. Virginia Beach, Virginia: Donning. ISBN 0-89865-908-6.
  • Lecompte, Janet (1978). Pueblo, Hardscrabble, Greenhorn: Society on the High Plains, 1832—1856. Norman, US: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1723-0.
[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Pueblo".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pueblo,_Colorado&oldid=1258887017"