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Navin Ramgoolam

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The Honourable
  • Navin Ramgoolam
  • नवीन रामगुलाम
GCSK FRCP
Ramgoolam in 2014
3rd Prime Minister of Mauritius
In office
5 July 2005 – 17 December 2014
President
Preceded byPaul Bérenger
Succeeded byAnerood Jugnauth
In office
27 December 1995 – 11 September 2000
PresidentCassam Uteem
Preceded byAnerood Jugnauth
Succeeded byAnerood Jugnauth
7th Leader of the Opposition
In office
11 September 2000 – 4 July 2005
Prime Minister
Preceded byPaul Berenger
Succeeded byPaul Bérenger
In office
15 September 1991 – 20 December 1995
Prime MinisterAnerood Jugnauth
Preceded byPrem Nababsing
Succeeded byNicholas Von Mally
Personal details
Born
Navinchandra Ramgoolam

(1947-07-14) 14 July 1947 (age 77)
Port Louis, British Mauritius
Citizenship
Political partyLabour Party
SpouseVeena Brizmohun (1979–present)
Children(illegitimate child) Xara Keiron Chandra Soornack (born 2009)[1][2]
Parents
Residence(s)Riverwalk, Floreal
Alma mater
Signature

Navinchandra Ramgoolam (born 14 July 1947), is a Mauritian politician who twice served as the Prime Minister of Mauritius and leader of the Labour Party (Mauritius).[3] He was Leader of the Opposition from 1991 to 1995. He served as Prime Minister for the first time from December 1995 until September 2000, and then became Leader of the Opposition again from October 2000 to 4 July 2005. On 5 July 2005, he became prime minister for a second term after his coalition, "Alliance Sociale" won the general elections. He was re-elected Prime Minister in 2005, serving till 2014, when he was defeated.

Early life and education

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Navin Ramgoolam was born on 14 July 1947 to Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (SSR) and Sushil Ramjoorawon at their Desforges Street residence in Port Louis. SSR was the 6th Governor General of Mauritius, as well as the first Chief Minister and Prime Minister of Mauritius. In the 1800s his ancestors migrated to Mauritius from Harigaon in Bhojpur district, Bihar.[4] Navin is married to Veena Ramgoolam.[5] He attended the Royal College Curepipe from 1960 to 1966 and proceeded to study medicine in Ireland between 1968 and 1975, where he obtained the LRCP&SI licentiates from the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Soon afterwards Navin Ramgoolam was arrested in May 1978 by British Police for dangerous driving, and for driving whilst drunk.[6] On 8 July 1979 Navin Ramgoolam married Veena Brizmohun, a Mauritian who grew up in England and was studying social sciences at the University of London. The wedding ceremony, held at Cinema BDC in Quatre Bornes, was attended by Governor General Dayendranath Burrenchobay, opposition leader Anerood Jugnauth, and others. The newly-wed couple returned to London where Veena planned to complete her studies, and her husband wanted to specialise in cardiology.[7]

When his father SSR died in December 1985, Ramgoolam was on the point of immigrating to Canada when Sir Satcam Boolell (then leader of Labour Party) and Paul Berenger (the leader of the Mauritian Militant Movement) convinced him to return and assume the leadership of the Labour party with the objective of an alliance which would defeat Anerood Jugnauth in the general elections. He subsequently served as a medical doctor at Dr A.G Jeetoo Hospital in Mauritius from 1985 to 1987. In 1987, he started his law studies at The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London. Upon completion of his LLB degree in 1990, he returned to Mauritius to face the electorate as the new leader of the Labour Party in the 1991 general election.

Navin Ramgoolam with former Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh.
Navin Ramgoolam with Obamas.

Political career

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1991 elections and first candidacy

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Main article: 1991 Mauritian general election

The leadup to the general elections held in 1991 saw a realignment of the country's major political parties. The Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM), which had been the main opposition party, decided to contest the election as an ally of Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth's Militant Socialist Movement (MSM). Ramgoolam's Labour Party and Gaëtan Duval's Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate (PMSD), both of which had been allied with the MSM in the previous election, formed a separate alliance, along with the Rodrigues People's Organisation (OPR). A major campaign issue was the proposal of the MSM-MMM alliance to cut the country's ties with the British Monarchy and declare a republic with a President as head of state. Ramgoolam opposed this, arguing that the Presidential office would be too ceremonial, leaving all executive powers effectively in the hands of the Prime Minister.

The election turned out to be a landslide for Jugnauth. The MSM/MMM alliance won 57 of the 62 directly elected seats. Of the 5 seats won by Ramgoolam's alliance, 2 were held by the OPR and 3 by his own Labour Party (Arvin Boolell, Vasant Bunwaree and himself, being elected in constituency 5, Triolet & Pamplemoussess). Following his defeat, he took leave as Leader of the Opposition and returned to London to complete his law vocational course at Inns of Court School of Law. He was called to United Kingdom Bar, Inner Temple in 1993.

In 1993, Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth asked the Speaker of the National Assembly to declare Ramgoolam's seat vacant as he had not attended Parliament for three consecutive moments. The Speaker referred the case to the Court but the Judge found that it was unconstitutional.

Shortly afterwards, Jugnauth dismissed Bérenger from the Cabinet after learning that Ramgoolam had hosted him at a private dinner at his Riverwalk residence. Bérenger and 10 MMM members joined Ramgoolam on the opposition benches. Although the MMM caucus was larger than the Labour Party caucus, he agreed to let Ramgoolam continue as Leader of the Opposition.

1995 elections

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Main article: 1995 Mauritian general election

The Labour Party and the MMM went on to forge an alliance to contest the 1995 elections. The alliance won all 60 directly elected seats from the mainland (with Labour taking 35 seats and the MMM 25). Ramgoolam became Prime Minister with Bérenger as his Deputy. The coalition soon fractured and Ramgoolam dismissed Bérenger in 1997. Bérenger then became Leader of the Opposition and Ramgoolam formed a one-party government.

2000 elections

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Main article: 2000 Mauritian general election

Jugnauth and Bérenger formed a new alliance to contest the 2000 elections. Part of the agreement was to allow Jugnauth to serve for the first three years of the five-year term, then resign to assume the Presidency and allow Bérenger to complete his unexpired term. Ramgoolam, for his part, formed an alliance with the Mauritian Party of Xavier-Luc Duval (PMXD), a breakaway from the PMSD led by Xavier-Luc Duval, the son of Sir Gaëtan Duval. The MSM/MMM alliance won 54 of the 60 directly elected mainland seats. Ramgoolam, who had retained his own seat, became Leader of the Opposition.

2005 elections

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His Alliance Social won the general elections against the MSM/MMM outgoing government. He was again appointed as prime minister with a majority of 38 out of 60 seats. His alliance also won the local/municipal elections in 2006 where the MSM/MMM was severely defeated. These consecutive defeats and internal instability caused the break-up of the MSM/MMM coalition.

As the MSM had more seats than the MMM and Pravind Jugnauth was not elected, Nando Bodha was appointed as Leader of the Opposition.

2010 elections

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Main article: 2010 Mauritian general election

With the 2010 elections approaching, Ramgoolam decided in 2008 to support Jugnauth for re-election as President, to forestall a possible return by Jugnauth to parliamentary politics, where Ramgoolam viewed him as a potential threat. Jugnauth's condition for accepting the offer was an alliance between the Labour Party and the MSM. At Ramgoolam's insistence, the Alliance de L'Avenir also included the PMSD, into which the PMXD, and its leader, Xavier-Luc Duval, had merged; seven of the sixty parliamentary candidates would come from the PMSD).

The Alliance de L'Avenir won 41 of the 60 directly elected seats. Ramgoolam remained Prime Minister and Pravind Jugnauth, son of Sir Anerood Jugnauth, became his Deputy. Following the involvement of some members of the MSM in the Medpoint Scandal, however, Ramgoolam dismissed the MSM from the government.

2014 elections

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Main article: 2014 Mauritian general election

The general elections originally scheduled for 2015 were brought forward to December 2014. The Labour Party made a new alliance with the MMM, proposing a constitutional amendment to upgrade the Presidency to a less ceremonial role. Ramgoolam and Bérenger, the MMM leader, claimed that the election was a referendum on the proposal, which they called the Second Republic. If the alliance won more than 45 of the 60 directly elected mainland seats, the Constitution would be amended; Ramgoolam would run for the Presidency and Bérenger would succeed him as Prime Minister.

Ramgoolam and Berenger were opposed by the MSM-led Alliance Lepep, which also included the PMSD, which had been Ramgoolam's coalition partner, and a new party called Muvman Liberater, formed by a significant portion of ex-members of the MMM who were opposed to the idea of giving Ramgoolam more powers. The Alliance Lepep, which opposed the proposal for the Second Republic, won 47 seats out of 60. The Labour-MMM alliance won only 13 seats, 9 from the MMM and 4 from the Labour Party. Ramgoolam lost his seat for the first time in his political career. On 12 December 2014, he resigned as Prime Minister of Mauritius.

Controversies

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1978 arrest by British police

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Navin Ramgoolam was arrested in the UK on 24 May 1978 in Wardour Street, Soho, London according to records of the Foreign Colonial Office (FCO). He was a student at University College London (UCL). British Police noticed Navin Ramgoolam driving dangerously as he committed a number of offences such as driving through a red traffic light, and performing an illegal u-turn where it was prohibited. Although he was not entitled to Diplomatic Immunity Navin Ramgoolam attempted to claim such protection after refusing to provide a breath specimen. When Navin Ramgoolam was subjected to a blood test the result was positive. As a result he was summoned for driving with excess alcohol in his blood, and was fined at Malborough Street Magistrate Court where he eventually pleaded guilty.[8]

1984 assault of SSR at Le Reduit

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Harish Boodhoo reminisced a scene that he witnessed at Le Château de Réduit soon after Sushil Ramgoolam's death in January 1984 whereby an intoxicated Navin Ramgoolam had assaulted his father Seewoosagur Ramgoolam and was threatening to further attack him with a sword.[9][10]

1997 Albion Gate Macarena Party

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In March 1997 local residents of Albion village complained to the police about a noisy party held at a Labour Party political activist's bungalow. Several young women and even an under-age girl had been invited to the Macarena Private Party by the activist and they had to dance and undress to the tunes of Los Del Rio's song "Macarena". One woman escaped from the bungalow where former Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam and his close associates former MP Iqbal Mallam-Hassam, Air Mauritius executive Nash Mallam-Hassam, and optician Farouk Hossen were also partying and drinking heavily. A few days later Ajay Daby, the lawyer who later represented the young women, brandished a black underwear at a public meeting, claiming that it belonged to a well known politician and that it had been recovered on Albion beach. Los Del Rio's song "Macarena" was subjected to a ban by the state's radio station MBC following Navin Ramgoolam's orders. Within three months the Labour-MMM coalition collapsed. The political scandal was also known as Albion Gate and Affaire Macarena by the local press.[11][12]

2010 verbal abuse of Nita Deerpalsing

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On the public holiday of 1 May 2010 during a public meeting of the Labour-MMM coalition Alliance de l’Avenir in Quatre-Bornes Navin Ramgoolam became frustrated about a defective microphone. He soon lost his temper and abused the Director of Communication of the Labour Party (Mauritius) Kumaree Rajeshree Deerpalsing, also known as Nita Deerpalsing by yelling Li pas marsé ta putain (meaning "It does not work, you slut".[13][14] The abuse was broadcast live by other radio stations which were covering the event and was reproduced several times on social media as an example of Navin Ramgoolam's lack of respect for women.[15][16]

Travel companion Jessica Weber

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In March 2015 Chief Whip Mahen Jhugroo raised a question in the National Assembly about Navin Ramgoolam's young travel companion Jessica Weber for whom the position of VIP Facilitation Organizer had been specifically created within the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) since 2013. Jessica Weber was recruited by Serge Petit, CEO of Airports of Mauritius Ltd (AML) without the board's approval. Although she benefitted from a government monthly salary of Rs 100,000, minister Xavier-Luc Duval discovered that there was no evidence of any events that she had organised, and there was no justification for her multiple trips with Navin Ramgoolam overseas.[17][18]

2014 London suitcase and Rolls-Royce RR10RAM

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After claiming to be visiting London for the tenth time to discuss a legal matter with British counsel Phillipe Sands, Navin Ramgoolam was spotted in his chauffeur-driven Rolls-Royce bearing number plate RR10RAM as he carried a suitcase to a bank, where an attendant recognised and greeted him with "How are you Mr Banker?"[19]

2014 Nandanee Soornack fleeing to Italy and daughter Xara Keiron Chandra

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Soon after the proclamation of the December 2014 general elections in Mauritius Nandanee Soornack (born Nandanee Oogarah), girlfriend and close associate of Navin Ramgoolam, fled to Italy with 12 suitcases. The former shop assistant and wife of a bus driver amassed substantial wealth and influence after becoming an activist of the Parti Travailliste and received preferential treatment in large government contracts, especially in the tourism sector and airport facilities. Investigations showed that a number of offshore companies and bank accounts had been set up in order to channel funds out of Mauritius. Investigators in Mauritius attempted to deport her back to Mauritius. Nandanee Soornack attempted to silence newspapers Le Mauricien and La Sentinelle by applying for a Gagging Order. She revealed that Navin Ramgoolam is the father of her daughter Xara Keiron Chandra who was born in 2009. Navin Ramgoolam's illegitimate love child was mentioned during public gatherings, for example by Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth on 19 August 2017 at the village of Circonstance in St Pierre.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]

2015 arrest for conspiracy, money laundering & murder

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In February 2015 Navin Ramgoolam was arrested for alleged conspiracy, money laundering and as part of a July 2011 robbery and murder case (Affaire Roches-Noires).[27][28][29][30] Local police searched his home located at Riverwalk in Floréal and discovered safes and suitcases containing around $6.4 million in various foreign currencies, 9 exclusive American Express Black credit cards, as well as packets of Viagra sexual stimulant pills.[31][32][33][34] He was later released and charges against him were dropped due to lack of sufficient evidence and the prosecution's delay in lodging the case.[35][36]

2010 purchase of Rs 40 millions bungalow using Super Cash Back Gold funds

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The former Minister of Financial Services (Roshi Bhadain) revealed that in 2010 Navin Ramgoolam had contracted a loan of Rs 40 millions from Bramer Bank to purchase a bungalow at Roches Noires. Bramer Bank was then part of Dawood Rawat's British American Insurance (BAI) group of companies. Instructions were given by BAI's management to its subsidiary Bramer Bank that BAI will fully guarantee Navin Ramgoolam's Rs 40 millions loan, given that Dawood Rawat was Ramgoolam's close friend and major sponsor of his political campaigns. The Rs 40 millions came from a pension fund called Super Cash Back Gold which was administered by BAI. By 2015 BAI had collapsed, contributors to pension fund Super Cash Back Gold lost their pension funds, and as part of a bail-out Bramer Bank was replaced by the National Commercial Bank. However to this date Navin Ramgoolam has not repaid any of the Rs 40 millions that he had borrowed. A seizure order for the repossession of his unpaid debt is what prompted Navin Ramgoolam to sell the bungalow.[37][38][39]

2024 Phone Tapping scandal

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During the 2024 electoral campaign, audio recordings of various public figures were leaked on social media under the guise of a fictitious figure calling himself Missie Moustass. Roshi Bhadain reminded the public that despite his denials, Navin Ramgoolam was the original instigator of illegal phone-tapping of his political adversaries. Indeed soon after the 1995 general elections the new PTR-MMM government, headed by Navin Ramgoolam, sought the services of Israeli firm Verint to enable the Mauritian police intelligence unit, known as the National Security Service (NSS), to improve its phone-tapping capabilities. This police branch was previously known as the National Intelligence Unit (NIU), and during colonial times it was called State Security Service (SSS). In 1999 Ramgoolam approved the purchase of a sophisticated Monitoring Main Centre, including the suitcase-sized IMSI-Catcher (International Mobile Subscriber Identity). The latter was designed to be installed in vehicles, and enabled spying and recording of private telephone conversations over a range of several kilometres. A few days before the 2014 General Elections Navin Ramgoolam commissioned a team of engineers and technicians from private firm Verint to visit Mauritius for a week in order to train the intelligence officers of the NSS. The representatives of Verint, who stayed at Hotel Intercontinental in Balaclava, were Charalampas Leventis of Cyprus, Tom Lempert of Brasil, and Daniel George Pryett from the UK. A Nissan armored van was specially kitted out with the IMSI-Catcher. Despite all these measures, Navin Ramgoolam lost the 2014 General Elections in a landslide defeat and has not been elected since. In 2016, for his in-depth reporting on this illegal practice, reporter Abhi Ramsahaye won the Prix Nicolas Lambert for the best investigative report.[40][41][42][43][44][45]

Awards and decorations

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Ramgoolam receives Pravasi Bharatiya Samman from President of India in 2008

Honours

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Navin Ramgoolam with former Prime Minister of United Kingdom, David Cameron.

Ramgoolam has received several accolades and honours. In 1998 he was made an Honorary Fellow of the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Dr Honoris Causa by the University of Mauritius, Dr Honoris Causa from Aligarh Muslim University, India and Dr Honoris Causa by the Jawaharlal Nehru University, India in October 2005. Other awards he attained are the Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honneur from France in March 2006, the Honorary Freeman of Rodrigues from Rodrigues Regional Assembly in March 2007, The Wilberforce Medal from Wilberforce Lecture Trust, Hull, United Kingdom in June 2007, The Rajiv Gandhi Award from Mumbai Regional Congress Committee, India in August 2007, The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award from Government of the Republic of India in January 2008 as well as Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (GCSK) from the Government of the Republic of Mauritius in March 2008. In Paris, Ramgoolam received the Prix Louise Michel, awarded generally each year to a high personality in recognition of his or her outstanding contribution in the political field. He was made Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) by the Padmashree Dr D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, India in February 2009, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) of the Royal College of Physicians, London in May 2009, Honorary Doctor by Staffordshire University, United Kingdom in July 2010, Order of the Rule of Law by the World Jurist Association, Bethesda, Maryland, USA in April 2011, Overseas Bencher by the Inner Temple, United Kingdom in April 2011 and Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) by the Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India in February 2012.[47]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Peerbaye, Nafisah (19 August 2017). "Pravind Jugnauth : «Linn fer piti li pann decklaré 19-August-2017". L'Express. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  2. ^ Samoisy, Laura. "Nandanee Soornack en Italie: Elle dévoile la paternité de sa fille pour éviter la déportation". 5Plus. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  3. ^ "Notes Biographiques" (in French). Labour Party. Archived from the original on 19 September 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  4. ^ "Politics here is spelt with a capital 'C' - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Bio-data of Dr The Honourable Navinchandra Ramgoolam". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
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  9. ^ "Harish Boodhoo: Navin Ramgoolam ti batte so papa deux calottes". Inside News. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  10. ^ "Harish Boodhoo : " Navin Ramgoolam ti batt so papa… "". WebMauritius. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Cela fait tout juste 15 ans: L'Affaire Macarena Party". www.lemauricien.com. Le Mauricien. 15 April 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Dans la presse le 9 avril". L'Express. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  13. ^ Auckle, Tejshree. "Youth discourse in multilingual Mauritius: The pragmatic significance of swearing in multiple languages". Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus (Spil Plus). 51. University of Mauritius: 61–86. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  14. ^ "Sandra Mayotte tacle Stéphanie Anquetil en citant les propos de Navin Ramgoolam à Nita Deerpalsing en mai 2010". Ion News. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  15. ^ "L'attaque du 1er Mai". 5Plus. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  16. ^ "Meeting 1er mai : Nita Deerpalsing dit que le juron prononcé par Ramgoolam ne la visait pas". L'Express. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
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  18. ^ "ENJEU : L'ombre de Ramgoolam sur les 100 jours de SAJ !". Le Mauricien. 15 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  19. ^ "Le Premier Ministre à Londres: Navin Ramgoolam, un citoyen comme un autre". Le Mauricien. 13 April 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  20. ^ Samoisy, Laura. "Nandanee Soornack en Italie: Elle dévoile la paternité de sa fille pour éviter la déportation". 5Plus. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  21. ^ Wan, James. "Changing fortunes of Mauritius' ousted leaders". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  22. ^ Moonien, Vel (6 March 2015). "Scandale à la MDFP: Rakesh Gooljaury devra s'expliquer". L'Express. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
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  24. ^ "Nandanee Soornack: Et elle se métamorphosa au contact de la politique". Le Mauricien. 30 December 2012. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  25. ^ Peerbaye, Nafisah (19 August 2017). "Pravind Jugnauth : «Linn fer piti li pann decklaré 19-August-2017". L'Express. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  26. ^ Moris, E. "Voici les photos de Nanadanee Soornack dont tout le monde parle". Zinfos Moris. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  27. ^ "Navingate: un épisode 2 sur Roches-Noires…". L'Express. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
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  30. ^ Peerbaye, Nafiisah (29 November 2018). "Affaire Roches-Noires: Sooroojebally était présent le 3 juillet 2011". L'Express. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  31. ^ "Des allégations de blanchiment d'argent pèsent toujours sur Navin Ramgoolam". MoPays. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
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  34. ^ Wan, James. "Mauritius politics". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
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  36. ^ https://supremecourt.govmu.org/HighlightDoc/prov%20information-%20N%20ramgooolam.pdf [dead link]
  37. ^ "Bhadain: Le campement de Ramgoolam a été acheté avec l'argent de Super Cash Back Gold". Ion News. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
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  40. ^ Ramsahaye, Abhi. "Écoutes téléphoniques : au cœur d'une cellule ultra-secrète". Defimedia. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  41. ^ "[Article publié dans Le Défi Plus en 2016] Écoutes téléphoniques : au cœur d'une cellule ultra-secrète 21-Oct-2024". Defimedia. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  42. ^ "Prix Nicolas Lambert : Abhi Ramsahaye et Yaasin Pohrun du Défi Media Group primés 29-Jan-2017". Defimedia. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  43. ^ Donzelot, Patrice. "Nouvelle vidéo attribuée à «Missie Moustass» : la bande sonore est fausse, selon un détecteur et un expert 29-Oct-2024". Defimedia. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  44. ^ "Navin Ramgoolam: Mo pa interese ek lavi mo adverser 28 Oct 2024". Le Mauricien. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  45. ^ "Exposed: L'écoute téléphonique à Maurice confirmée par «Missie Moustass» 19 Oct 2024". L'Express. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  46. ^ "List of Previous Pravasi Bhartiya Samman". 28 December 2014. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  47. ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Navin Ramgoolam.
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Mauritius
1995–2000 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Mauritius
2005–2015


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