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Overview of the events of 1996 in science
The year 1996 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration [ edit ] The cloning process that produced Dolly . March
July 7–12 – XI International AIDS Conference, 1996 , Vancouver , reports major advances in the management of HIV/AIDS including combination therapy (the "triple cocktail") using protease inhibitors .[ 27] opportunistic infections begin an effective antiviral regimen which greatly increases their immune system strength and therefore their health.[ 28]
New variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease first identified in humans, in the United Kingdom.[ 29]
Montreal Cognitive Assessment is created by Ziad Nasreddine in Montreal , Quebec .[ 30] Donepezil (Aricept), a palliative treatment for moderate Alzheimer's disease , is approved in the United States.[ 31] [ 32] [ 33] Sildenafil (Viagra), a treatment for erectile dysfunction , is patented by Pfizer .[ 34] Zenith introduces the first HDTV -compatible front projection television in the United States. Broadcasters, TV & PC manufacturers set industry standards for digital HDTV.[ 40] APS film format is introduced.[ 41] January 12 – Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (b. 1903 ), Dutch mathematician .[ 51]
February 20 – Solomon Asch (b. 1907 ), Polish American social psychologist .[ 52]
March 19 – Chen Jingrun (b. 1933 ), Chinese mathematician.[ 53]
March 26 – David Packard (b. 1912 ), American electrical engineer.[ 54]
June 6 – George Davis Snell (b. 1903), American mouse geneticist and basic transplant immunologist .[ 55]
June 17 – Thomas Kuhn (b. 1922 ), American philosopher of science.[ 56]
August 1 – Tadeusz Reichstein (b. 1897 ), Polish-Swiss winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry .[ 57]
August 9 – Sir Frank Whittle (b. 1907), English aeronautical engineer .[ 58]
August 12 – Victor Ambartsumian (b. 1908 ), Soviet Armenian theoretical astrophysicist.[ 59]
September 1 – Karl Kehrle (Brother Adam) (b. 1898 ), British Benedictine monk and beekeeper .[ 60]
September 10 – Hans List (b. 1896 ), Austrian inventor.[ 61]
September 20 – Paul Erdős (b. 1913 ), Hungarian-born mathematician.[ 62]
October 5 – Seymour Cray (b. 1925 ), American supercomputer architect.[ 63]
November 13 – Bobbie Vaile (b. 1959 ), Australian astrophysicist.[ 64]
November 19 – Grace Bates (b. 1914 ), American mathematician.[ 65]
November 21 – Abdus Salam (b. 1926 ), Punjabi-born winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics .[ 66]
December 20 – Carl Sagan (b. 1934 ), American astronomer .[ 67]
^ "Comet Hyakutake in March 1996" . epod.usra.edu . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Shoemaker" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2018-02-20 .^ "Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake" . www.pbs.org . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ Gleick, James (1996-12-01). "A Bug and A Crash" . New York Times Magazine . Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-07 . ^ Eckart, A.; Genzel, R. (1996). "Observations of stellar proper motions near the Galactic Centre" . Nature 383 (6599): 415. Bibcode :1996Natur.383..415E . doi :10.1038/383415a0 S2CID 4285760 . ^ "Mars Global Surveyor" . mars.nasa.gov . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "Keck telescopes" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned" . BBC News . 22 February 1997. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "CNN - Ancient meteorite may point to life on Mars - Aug. 7, 1996" . edition.cnn.com . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ Engel, Stacia R.; Dietrich, Fred S.; Fisk, Dianna G.; Binkley, Gail; Balakrishnan, Rama; Costanzo, Maria C.; Dwight, Selina S.; Hitz, Benjamin C.; Karra, Kalpana; Nash, Robert S.; Weng, Shuai; Wong, Edith D.; Lloyd, Paul; Skrzypek, Marek S.; Miyasato, Stuart R.; Simison, Matt; Cherry, J. Michael (2014). "The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now" . G3 . 4 (3): 389–398. doi :10.1534/g3.113.008995 . PMC 3962479 PMID 24374639 . ^ Hofmann, S.; Ninov, V.; Heßberger, F. P.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; Münzenberg, G.; Schött, H. J.; Popeko, A. G.; Yeremin, A. V.; Saro, S.; Janik, R.; Leino, M. (1996). "The new element 112". Zeitschrift für Physik A . 354 (3): 229–230. Bibcode :1996ZPhyA.354..229H . doi :10.1007/BF02769517 . S2CID 119975957 . ^ "Our history in depth" . Corporate Information. Retrieved 2012-04-16 .^ Davis, Daniel Paul (2015). Hysterically Historical: January II ISBN 9781468964226 ^ Newborn, Monty (2011). Beyond Deep Blue: Chess in the Stratosphere ISBN 9780857293411 ^ "Jennicam And The Birth Of 'Lifecasting' . Digg . 13 April 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ Smartt, Ursula (2014). Media & entertainment law (Second ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis. p. 425. ISBN 9781317808169 ^ Greenberg, Andy (2009-10-05). "The Man Who's Beating Google" . Forbes the original on September 22, 2009. ^ Yanhong Li (1998). "Toward a qualitative search engine". IEEE Internet Computing . 2 (4): 24–29. doi :10.1109/4236.707687 . S2CID 14854613 . ^ "About RankDex" . IDD Information Services. Retrieved 2014-06-04 .^ USPTO,
"Hypertext Document Retrieval System and Method" Archived 2011-12-05 at the Wayback Machine , US Patent number: 5920859, Inventor: Yanhong Li, Filing date: 5 February 1997, Issue date: 6 July 1999.
^ Kahle, Brewster (March 1997). "Archiving the Internet" . Scientific American the original on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2011-08-19 . ^ "The first quantum search algorithm on a scalable quantum computer has important implications" . MIT Technology Review . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ Getting information from the IRC system: Linux Basic. AL1-032 ^ "Historical Badass: Goran Kropp, the Man Who Rode to Everest - adventure journal" . www.adventure-journal.com . Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "About the Cochrane Library" . The Cochrane Library . Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-01-25 .^ Samson, M.; et al. (March 1996). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene". Biochemistry 35 (11): 3362–7. doi :10.1021/bi952950g . PMID 8639485 . ^ Hammer, S. M.; et al. (September 1997). "A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection" . The New England Journal of Medicine 337 (11): 725–33. doi :10.1056/NEJM199709113371101 PMID 9287227 . S2CID 24043435 . ^ Engel, Jonathan (2006). The Epidemic ISBN 978-0-06-114488-2 ^ Will, R. G.; Ironside, J. W.; Zeidler, M.; Estibeiro, K.; Cousens, S. N.; Smith, P. G.; Alperovitch, A.; Poser, S.; Pocchiari, M.; Hofman, A. (1996). "A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK". The Lancet . 347 (9006): 921–925. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91412-9 . PMID 8598754 . S2CID 14230097 . ^ Nasreddine, Z. S.; et al. (2005). "The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . 53 (4): 695–9. doi :10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x . PMID 15817019 . S2CID 9014589 . ^ Hofmann, M.; Hock, C. (2001). "Alzheimer's Disease: Antidementive Drugs". International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences . pp. 418–423. doi :10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03738-4 . ISBN 9780080430768 ^ Tsopelas, Nicholas D.; Marin, Deborah B. (2001). "Cholinergic Treatments of Alzheimer's Disease". Functional Neurobiology of Aging . pp. 475–486. doi :10.1016/B978-012351830-9/50034-2 . ISBN 9780123518309 ^ Bozyczko-Coyne, D.; Williams, M. (2007). "Neurodegeneration". Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II . pp. 193–228. doi :10.1016/B0-08-045044-X/00168-1 . ISBN 9780080450445 ^ Boolell, M.; Allen, M. J.; Ballard, S. A.; Gepi-Attee, S.; Muirhead, G. J.; Naylor, A. M.; Osterloh, I. H.; Gingell, C. (1996). "Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction". International Journal of Impotence Research . 8 (2): 47–52. PMID 8858389 . ^ Lipman, Don (7 January 2013). "One wild storm: A look back at the 'Blizzard of '96' . Washington Post . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . ^ "Death Toll in Bangladesh Tornado Rises to at Least 443" . The New York Times . 15 May 1996. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "GEOSCAN Search Results: Fastlink" . geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca . 2015-12-07. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ " . CBC News . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "The Conscious Mind David J. Chalmers" . www.oupcanada.com . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ Constable, George; Somerville, Bob (2003). A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements that Transformed Our Lives ISBN 9780309089081 ^ Andrews, Philip (2015). Langford's Starting Photography: The Guide to Creating Great Images ISBN 9781317552833 ^ Sokal, Alan D. (1996). "Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity". Social Text (46/47): 217–252. doi :10.2307/466856 . JSTOR 466856 . S2CID 1546862 . ^ Sokal, Alan D. (May 1996). "A Physicist Experiments With Cultural Studies" . Lingua Franca . Retrieved 2015-03-09 . ^ Prigogine, Ilya (1 January 1996). La Fin des certitudes . Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via Amazon. ^ Schmandt-Besserat, Denise (1996-06-05). How Writing Came About By Denise Schmandt-Besserat ISBN 9780292774865 the original on 2020-08-31. Retrieved 20 February 2018 . ^ "Nobel Prizes 1996" . www.nobelprize.org . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "Willard Van Orman Quine" . Inamori Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-07-20. Retrieved 15 December 2012 .^ "Amir Pnueli" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 20 February 2018 .^ "The Geological Society of London - Wollaston Medal" . www.geolsoc.org.uk . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "Dolly the sheep" . National Museums Scotland . Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ Sets and Extensions in the Twentieth Century ISBN 9780080930664 ^ "About Solomon Asch" . www.brynmawr.edu . Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ Song, Yuwu (2014). Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China ISBN 978-1-4766-0298-1 ^ "Obituary: David Packard" The Independent . 28 March 1996. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "George Davis Snell - American geneticist" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ Edge, David; Harre, Rom; Brown, Andrew; Barnes, Barry; Mulkay, Michael; Fuller, Steve; Rudwick, Martin; Giere, Ronald N.; Bloor, David (1997). "Obituary: Thomas S. Kuhn (18 July 1922 - 17 June 1996)". Social Studies of Science . 27 (3): 483–502. doi :10.1177/030631297027003005 . JSTOR 285595 . PMID 11619257 . S2CID 28154701 . ^ "Tadeus Reichstein - Biographical" . www.nobelprize.org . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "Obituaries: Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle" . The Independent . 10 August 1996. Archived from the original . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian - Armenian astronomer" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "Brother Adam - British apiarist" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ HANS LIST 1896-1996 ^ "Paul Erdős - Hungarian mathematician" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "Seymour R. Cray - American engineer" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ "U-W - Women in Astronomy: A Comprehensive Bibliography (Science Reference Services, Library of Congress)" . www.loc.gov . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .^ Beery, Janet L. ; Greenwald, Sarah J.; Jensen-Vallin, Jacqueline A.; Mast, Maura B. (2017). Women in Mathematics: Celebrating the Centennial of the Mathematical Association of America ISBN 9783319666945 ^ Kibble, T. W. B. (1998). "Muhammad Abdus Salam, K. B. E.. 29 January 1926–21 November 1996" . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 44 : 387–401. doi :10.1098/rsbm.1998.0025 ^ "CNN - Carl Sagan dies at 62 - Dec. 20, 1996" . edition.cnn.com . Retrieved 21 February 2018 .
